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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Derived from Proto-Indo-European *lenk- (“to bend”).
Verb
*lękati
- to lay snares, to set traps
- (transitive) to scare
Inflection
Conjugation of
*lękati, *lęka, *lękajetь (
impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *lękanьje
|
*lękati
|
*lękatъ
|
*lękalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*lękanъ
|
*lękajemъ
|
| Active
|
*lękavъ
|
*lękaję
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*lękaxъ |
*lęka |
*lęka
|
*lękajǫ |
*lękaješi |
*lękajetь
|
| Dual
|
*lękaxově |
*lękasta |
*lękaste
|
*lękajevě |
*lękajeta |
*lękajete
|
| Plural
|
*lękaxomъ |
*lękaste |
*lękašę
|
*lękajemъ |
*lękajete |
*lękajǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*lękaaxъ |
*lękaaše |
*lękaaše
|
— |
*lękaji |
*lękaji
|
| Dual
|
*lękaaxově |
*lękaašeta |
*lękaašete
|
*lękajivě |
*lękajita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*lękaaxomъ |
*lękaašete |
*lękaaxǫ
|
*lękajimъ |
*lękajite |
—
|
Conjugation of
*lękati, *lęka, *lęčetь (
impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *lękanьje
|
*lękati
|
*lękatъ
|
*lękalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*lękanъ
|
*lęčemъ
|
| Active
|
*lękavъ
|
*lęčę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*lękaxъ |
*lęka |
*lęka
|
*lęčǫ |
*lęčeši |
*lęčetь
|
| Dual
|
*lękaxově |
*lękasta |
*lękaste
|
*lęčevě |
*lęčeta |
*lęčete
|
| Plural
|
*lękaxomъ |
*lękaste |
*lękašę
|
*lęčemъ |
*lęčete |
*lęčǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*lękaaxъ |
*lękaaše |
*lękaaše
|
— |
*lęči |
*lęči
|
| Dual
|
*lękaaxově |
*lękaašeta |
*lękaašete
|
*lęčivě |
*lęčita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*lękaaxomъ |
*lękaašete |
*lękaaxǫ
|
*lęčimъ |
*lęčite |
—
|
Descendants
- East Slavic
- Russian: ляка́ть (ljakátʹ, “to scare, chase a fish caught in a net”) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: ляка́ти (ljakáty, “to frighten, scare”)
- South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic: лѩчѫтъ (ljęčǫtŭ, “they set traps, 3pl.”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: ле́цати
- Latin script: lécati
- Slovene: lę́cati (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic
- Old Czech: léceti (“to lay snares, set traps”)
- Czech: lécet, lícet
- Czech: lekat (“to frighten, scare”)
- Polish: lękać się (“to be afraid”)
- Slovak: ľakať (“to frighten, scare”)
- Sorbian:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ляка́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress