Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mъnogъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *munagas, from late (Northern) Proto-Indo-European *monogʰos, a nominal derivation of *mengʰ-, *menegʰ- (“many, sufficient”), according to Watkins [1][2][3]. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *managaz (“many”) and possibly further akin to Proto-Celtic *menekkis (“frequent”). May also be derived from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂- (“large”) with a nasal infix. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) In any case, a substrate derivation for this word seems more plausible than either of the Indo-European explanations, due to the restricted geographical distribution of the word in question.
Adjective
*mъnogъ (comparative *vęťьjь)[4][5][6]
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *mъnogъ | *mъnoga | *mъnogo |
| genitive | *mъnoga | *mъnogy | *mъnoga |
| dative | *mъnogu | *mъnodzě | *mъnogu |
| accusative | *mъnogъ | *mъnogǫ | *mъnogo |
| instrumental | *mъnogomь | *mъnogojǫ | *mъnogomь |
| locative | *mъnodzě | *mъnodzě | *mъnodzě |
| vocative | *mъnože | *mъnogo | *mъnogo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mъnoga | *mъnodzě | *mъnodzě |
| genitive | *mъnogu | *mъnogu | *mъnogu |
| dative | *mъnogoma | *mъnogama | *mъnogoma |
| accusative | *mъnoga | *mъnodzě | *mъnodzě |
| instrumental | *mъnogoma | *mъnogama | *mъnogoma |
| locative | *mъnogu | *mъnogu | *mъnogu |
| vocative | *mъnoga | *mъnodzě | *mъnodzě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mъnodzi | *mъnogy | *mъnoga |
| genitive | *mъnogъ | *mъnogъ | *mъnogъ |
| dative | *mъnogomъ | *mъnogamъ | *mъnogomъ |
| accusative | *mъnogy | *mъnogy | *mъnoga |
| instrumental | *mъnogy | *mъnogami | *mъnogy |
| locative | *mъnodzěxъ | *mъnogaxъ | *mъnodzěxъ |
| vocative | *mъnodzi | *mъnogy | *mъnoga |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *mъnogъjь | *mъnogaja | *mъnogoje |
| genitive | *mъnogajego | *mъnogyję̇ | *mъnogajego |
| dative | *mъnogujemu | *mъnodzěji | *mъnogujemu |
| accusative | *mъnogъjь | *mъnogǫjǫ | *mъnogoje |
| instrumental | *mъnogyjimь | *mъnogǫjǫ | *mъnogyjimь |
| locative | *mъnodzějemь | *mъnodzěji | *mъnodzějemь |
| vocative | *mъnogъjь | *mъnogaja | *mъnogoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mъnogaja | *mъnodzěji | *mъnodzěji |
| genitive | *mъnoguju | *mъnoguju | *mъnoguju |
| dative | *mъnogyjima | *mъnogyjima | *mъnogyjima |
| accusative | *mъnogaja | *mъnodzěji | *mъnodzěji |
| instrumental | *mъnogyjima | *mъnogyjima | *mъnogyjima |
| locative | *mъnoguju | *mъnoguju | *mъnoguju |
| vocative | *mъnogaja | *mъnodzěji | *mъnodzěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mъnodziji | *mъnogyję̇ | *mъnogaja |
| genitive | *mъnogъjixъ | *mъnogъjixъ | *mъnogъjixъ |
| dative | *mъnogyjimъ | *mъnogyjimъ | *mъnogyjimъ |
| accusative | *mъnogyję̇ | *mъnogyję̇ | *mъnogaja |
| instrumental | *mъnogyjimi | *mъnogyjimi | *mъnogyjimi |
| locative | *mъnogyjixъ | *mъnogyjixъ | *mъnogyjixъ |
| vocative | *mъnodziji | *mъnogyję̇ | *mъnogaja |
Derived terms
- *mъnogo (“many, much”) (adverb)
- *mъnogota (“abundancy”)
- *mъnožiti (“to multiply, to increase in number”)
- *mъnožьstvo (“multiple, majority”)
- *mъnožьkъ (“excessive”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1994), “*mъnogo, *mъnogъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 20 (*morzatъjь – *mъrsknǫti), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 229
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “много”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 183
References
- ^ “many”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “many”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*mъnogъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 334: “adj. o ‘much, many’”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*mъnogъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 334: “adj. o ‘much, many’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “mъnogъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (sek. immobil accent) (SA 155; PR 133)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “mnọ̑g”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*mъ̏nogъ”