Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nevoľa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *ne- +‎ *voľa.

Noun

*nevoľa f^[1]

Declension

Declension of *nevoľa (soft a-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*nevoľa	*nevoľi	*nevoľę̇
genitive	*nevoľę̇	*nevoľu	*nevoľь
dative	*nevoľi	*nevoľama	*nevoľamъ
accusative	*nevoľǫ	*nevoľi	*nevoľę̇
instrumental	nevoľejǫ, nevoľǫ^**	*nevoľama	*nevoľami
locative	*nevoľi	*nevoľu	nevoľasъ, nevoľaxъ^*
vocative	*nevoľe	*nevoľi	*nevoľę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

adjectives

*nevolьnъ

nouns

*nevolьje

verbs

*nevoliti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: неволꙗ (nevolja)
  - Old Ruthenian: нево́лꙗ (nevólja)
    - Belarusian: няво́ля (njavólja); нево́ля (njevólja) (dialectal)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: нево́ля (nevólja)
    - Ukrainian: нево́ля (nevólja)
  - Russian: нево́ля (nevólja); ниволя (nivólja) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: неволꙗ (nevolja), неволѣ (nevolě)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱀⰵⰲⱁⰾⱑ (nevolě)
  - Bulgarian: нево́ля (nevólja); нево́я (nevója), ниоля (niolja) (dialectal)
  - Macedonian: неволја (nevolja)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: нѐвоља; нево̏ја (dialectal)
  
  Latin script: nèvolja; nevȍja (dialectal)
- Slovene: nevólja (tonal orthography); névolja, névọla, nevóla (dialectal)
West Slavic:
- Kashubian: niewòlô
- Old Czech: nevole, nevóle
  - Czech: nevole; nevoľa, nevu̇le (dialectal)
- Old Polish: niewola
  - Polish: niewola
    - → Low Prussian: Niwoll
  - Silesian: niywolŏ
- Old Slovak: nevoľa, nevóľa, nevôľa, nevúľa
  - Pannonian Rusyn: нєволя (njevolja)
  - Slovak: nevoľa, nevôľa (archaic, bookish); nevola (dialectal)
- Sorbian:
  Lower Sorbian: ńewola
  
  Upper Sorbian: njewola

Non-Slavic:
- → Albanian: nevojë
- → Romanian: nevoie

References

^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nevoľa”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 85

[1] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nevoľa”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 85

[1]