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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian nérti (“to dive”), also nãras (“hole, lair”), narà (“hole, lair”) (both dialectal).
Verb
*nyřati impf
- to immerse oneself? to dive?
Inflection
Conjugation of
*nyřati, *nyřa, *nyřajetь (
impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *nyřanьje
|
*nyřati
|
*nyřatъ
|
*nyřalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*nyřanъ
|
*nyřajemъ
|
| Active
|
*nyřavъ
|
*nyřaję
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*nyřaxъ |
*nyřa |
*nyřa
|
*nyřajǫ |
*nyřaješi |
*nyřajetь
|
| Dual
|
*nyřaxově |
*nyřasta |
*nyřaste
|
*nyřajevě |
*nyřajeta |
*nyřajete
|
| Plural
|
*nyřaxomъ |
*nyřaste |
*nyřašę
|
*nyřajemъ |
*nyřajete |
*nyřajǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*nyřaaxъ |
*nyřaaše |
*nyřaaše
|
— |
*nyřaji |
*nyřaji
|
| Dual
|
*nyřaaxově |
*nyřaašeta |
*nyřaašete
|
*nyřajivě |
*nyřajita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*nyřaaxomъ |
*nyřaašete |
*nyřaaxǫ
|
*nyřajimъ |
*nyřajite |
—
|
Conjugation of
*nyrati, *nyra, *nyřetь (
impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *nyranьje
|
*nyrati
|
*nyratъ
|
*nyralъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*nyranъ
|
*nyřemъ
|
| Active
|
*nyravъ
|
*nyřę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*nyraxъ |
*nyra |
*nyra
|
*nyřǫ |
*nyřeši |
*nyřetь
|
| Dual
|
*nyraxově |
*nyrasta |
*nyraste
|
*nyřevě |
*nyřeta |
*nyřete
|
| Plural
|
*nyraxomъ |
*nyraste |
*nyrašę
|
*nyřemъ |
*nyřete |
*nyřǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*nyraaxъ |
*nyraaše |
*nyraaše
|
— |
*nyři |
*nyři
|
| Dual
|
*nyraaxově |
*nyraašeta |
*nyraašete
|
*nyřivě |
*nyřita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*nyraaxomъ |
*nyraašete |
*nyraaxǫ
|
*nyřimъ |
*nyřite |
—
|
Conjugation of
*nyrati, *nyra, *nyrajetь (
impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *nyranьje
|
*nyrati
|
*nyratъ
|
*nyralъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*nyranъ
|
*nyrajemъ
|
| Active
|
*nyravъ
|
*nyraję
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*nyraxъ |
*nyra |
*nyra
|
*nyrajǫ |
*nyraješi |
*nyrajetь
|
| Dual
|
*nyraxově |
*nyrasta |
*nyraste
|
*nyrajevě |
*nyrajeta |
*nyrajete
|
| Plural
|
*nyraxomъ |
*nyraste |
*nyrašę
|
*nyrajemъ |
*nyrajete |
*nyrajǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*nyraaxъ |
*nyraaše |
*nyraaše
|
— |
*nyraji |
*nyraji
|
| Dual
|
*nyraaxově |
*nyraašeta |
*nyraašete
|
*nyrajivě |
*nyrajita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*nyraaxomъ |
*nyraašete |
*nyraaxǫ
|
*nyrajimъ |
*nyrajite |
—
|
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: нꙑрати (nyrati, “to immerse oneself”), 1sg. нꙑрѭ (nyrjǫ), нꙑраѭ (nyrajǫ); нꙑрꙗти (nyrjati, “to immerse oneself”), 1sg. нꙑрꙗѭ (nyrjajǫ)
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: ныра́ць (nyrácʹ)
- Middle Russian: нырꙗти (nyrjati) (14th century)
- Ukrainian: ниря́ти (nyrjáty, “to dive”)
References
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “ныря́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 581
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*nyŗati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 360
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ныря́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nyr(’)ati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 26 (*novoukъ(jь) – *obgorditi), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 65