Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/razъ

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rōźas, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ- (“to break”). Morphologically from *raziti (“to pound, to bounce”) +‎ *-ъ. Cognate with Lithuanian rúоžаs (“dash”), Latvian rоzа (“hill”) and akin to Ancient Greek ῥώξ (rhṓx, “crack”).^[1] In many daughter languages, the lemma became fossilized into an adverb with a sense similar to English once.

*rȃzъ m^[2]

1. tact, dash, stroke

   → (by extension) unit for measuring time

2. mark
3. case

• *rězъ (“cut”)
• *rězъkъ (“sudden, abrupt”)
• *rězati (“to cut”)

• *obrazъ (“figure, form, image”)

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: раз (raz)
  • Russian: раз (raz)
  • Ukrainian: раз (raz)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: разъ (razŭ, “case”)
  • Bulgarian: раз (raz)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ра̄з

    Latin script: rāz

  • Slovene: rȃz
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: ráz
    • Czech: ráz
  • Old Polish: raz, raza
    • Polish: raz, raza (Middle Polish)
    • Silesian: rŏz
  • Slovak: raz
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: rôz
    • Slovincian: roz
  • Sorbian:

    Upper Sorbian: raz

    Lower Sorbian: raz

• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “раз”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 147
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “ráziti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “rȃz”