Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skvьrna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably from the same Proto-Indo-European root as Latin squarrosus (“scurfy”).^[1]

Noun

*skvьrna f

stain
dirt

Declension

Declension of *skvьrna (hard a-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skvьrna	*skvьrně	*skvьrny
genitive	*skvьrny	*skvьrnu	*skvьrnъ
dative	*skvьrně	*skvьrnama	*skvьrnamъ
accusative	*skvьrnǫ	*skvьrně	*skvьrny
instrumental	skvьrnojǫ, skvьrnǫ^**	*skvьrnama	*skvьrnami
locative	*skvьrně	*skvьrnu	skvьrnasъ, skvьrnaxъ^*
vocative	*skvьrno	*skvьrně	*skvьrny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*skverti (“to fry”)

Descendants

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: скврьна (skvrĭna)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⰲⱃⱐⱀⰰ (skvrĭna)
  - → Old East Slavic: сквьрна (skvĭrna)
    - Russian: скве́рна (skvérna)
    - Ukrainian: скве́рна (skvérna)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: скрнав
  
  Latin script: skrnav
- Slovene: skvȓna (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: skvrna
  - Czech: skvrna
- Polish: skwarna (“undigested food in the stomach, hawk excrement”)
- Slovak: škvrna
Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: scârnă

References

^ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “squarrosus”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 583