Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъlkъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *telkʷ-, cognate with Sanskrit तर्क (tarka, “conjecture”), Latin loquor (“to speak”), Old Irish do·tluchethar (“to ask”), ad·tluchedar (“to thank”).

Noun

*tъlkъ m

Inflection

Declension of *tъlkъ (hard o-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tъlkъ	*tъlka	*tъlci
genitive	*tъlka	*tъlku	*tъlkъ
dative	*tъlku	*tъlkoma	*tъlkomъ
accusative	*tъlkъ	*tъlka	*tъlky
instrumental	tъlkъmь, tъlkomь^*	*tъlkoma	*tъlky
locative	*tъlcě	*tъlku	*tъlcěxъ
vocative	*tъlče	*tъlka	*tъlci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*tъlkovati (“to interpret”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: тълкъ (tŭlkŭ)
  - Belarusian: толк (tolk)
  - Russian: толк (tolk)
    - → Estonian: tõlk
    - → Finnish: tolkku
    - → Ingrian: tolkku
    - → Kildin Sami: то̄ӆӆк (tōl̥l̥k)
    - → Votic: tolkku
  - Ukrainian: товк (tovk)
  - → Latvian: tulks
  - → Livonian: tulk
  - → Lithuanian: tùlkas
  - → Middle Low German: tolk
    - → Dutch: tolk, tullik
      - Afrikaans: tolk
        → Fanagalo: tolik (or via Zulu)
      - → Caribbean Hindustani: tolak
      - → Caribbean Javanese: toleg
      - → Malay: تولوق (tolok)
        > Indonesian: tolok (inherited)
    - → Old Norse: tulkr
      - Icelandic: túlkur
      - Faroese: tulkur
      - Norwegian: tolk
      - Old Swedish: tolker
        Swedish: tolk
        → Finnish: tulkki
      - Danish: tolk
      - →? Middle English: tulk, tulke, tolke
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: тлъкъ (tlŭkŭ)

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “толк”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “толк”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 248
Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “толк”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “тълкъ, толкъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[1] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1046