Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъlpa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic, related to Lithuanian talpa (“capacity”), Lithuanian talpinti (“to put, to set”).

Noun

*tъlpa f

crowd, group

Declension

Declension of *tъlpa (hard a-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tъlpa	*tъlpě	*tъlpy
genitive	*tъlpy	*tъlpu	*tъlpъ
dative	*tъlpě	*tъlpama	*tъlpamъ
accusative	*tъlpǫ	*tъlpě	*tъlpy
instrumental	tъlpojǫ, tъlpǫ^**	*tъlpama	*tъlpami
locative	*tъlpě	*tъlpu	tъlpasъ, tъlpaxъ^*
vocative	*tъlpo	*tъlpě	*tъlpy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: толпа́ (tolpá)
- Ukrainian: товпа́ (tovpá)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: тлъпа (tlŭpa)
  - Bulgarian: тълпа́ (tǎlpá)
  - Macedonian: толпа (tolpa)
- Slovene: tólpa (“gang”) (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: tlupa (“gang”)
- Polish: tłum

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “толпа”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress