Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trǫtvъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Unknown. Probably related to Old English strūtian (“to stand stiffly”), Lithuanian strė́gti (“to stiffen”), Latin torpeō (“to be stiff, numb, torpid”), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“stiff”), but nasal vowel is unexplained (but compare Lithuanian trunė́ti (“to weaken, to languish”)), just like auslaut -t- (but compare *mь̃rtvъ).
Adjective
*trǫtvъ[1]
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *trǫtvъ | *trǫtva | *trǫtvo |
| genitive | *trǫtva | *trǫtvy | *trǫtva |
| dative | *trǫtvu | *trǫtvě | *trǫtvu |
| accusative | *trǫtvъ | *trǫtvǫ | *trǫtvo |
| instrumental | *trǫtvomь | *trǫtvojǫ | *trǫtvomь |
| locative | *trǫtvě | *trǫtvě | *trǫtvě |
| vocative | *trǫtve | *trǫtvo | *trǫtvo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *trǫtva | *trǫtvě | *trǫtvě |
| genitive | *trǫtvu | *trǫtvu | *trǫtvu |
| dative | *trǫtvoma | *trǫtvama | *trǫtvoma |
| accusative | *trǫtva | *trǫtvě | *trǫtvě |
| instrumental | *trǫtvoma | *trǫtvama | *trǫtvoma |
| locative | *trǫtvu | *trǫtvu | *trǫtvu |
| vocative | *trǫtva | *trǫtvě | *trǫtvě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *trǫtvi | *trǫtvy | *trǫtva |
| genitive | *trǫtvъ | *trǫtvъ | *trǫtvъ |
| dative | *trǫtvomъ | *trǫtvamъ | *trǫtvomъ |
| accusative | *trǫtvy | *trǫtvy | *trǫtva |
| instrumental | *trǫtvy | *trǫtvami | *trǫtvy |
| locative | *trǫtvěxъ | *trǫtvaxъ | *trǫtvěxъ |
| vocative | *trǫtvi | *trǫtvy | *trǫtva |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *trǫtvъjь | *trǫtvaja | *trǫtvoje |
| genitive | *trǫtvajego | *trǫtvyję̇ | *trǫtvajego |
| dative | *trǫtvujemu | *trǫtvěji | *trǫtvujemu |
| accusative | *trǫtvъjь | *trǫtvǫjǫ | *trǫtvoje |
| instrumental | *trǫtvyjimь | *trǫtvǫjǫ | *trǫtvyjimь |
| locative | *trǫtvějemь | *trǫtvěji | *trǫtvějemь |
| vocative | *trǫtvъjь | *trǫtvaja | *trǫtvoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *trǫtvaja | *trǫtvěji | *trǫtvěji |
| genitive | *trǫtvuju | *trǫtvuju | *trǫtvuju |
| dative | *trǫtvyjima | *trǫtvyjima | *trǫtvyjima |
| accusative | *trǫtvaja | *trǫtvěji | *trǫtvěji |
| instrumental | *trǫtvyjima | *trǫtvyjima | *trǫtvyjima |
| locative | *trǫtvuju | *trǫtvuju | *trǫtvuju |
| vocative | *trǫtvaja | *trǫtvěji | *trǫtvěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *trǫtviji | *trǫtvyję̇ | *trǫtvaja |
| genitive | *trǫtvъjixъ | *trǫtvъjixъ | *trǫtvъjixъ |
| dative | *trǫtvyjimъ | *trǫtvyjimъ | *trǫtvyjimъ |
| accusative | *trǫtvyję̇ | *trǫtvyję̇ | *trǫtvaja |
| instrumental | *trǫtvyjimi | *trǫtvyjimi | *trǫtvyjimi |
| locative | *trǫtvyjixъ | *trǫtvyjixъ | *trǫtvyjixъ |
| vocative | *trǫtviji | *trǫtvyję̇ | *trǫtvaja |
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: (Croatian dialectal) тру̏тав
- Latin script: (Croatian dialectal) trȕtav
- Serbo-Croatian:
- West Slavic:
- Polish: *trętwy
- ⇒ Polish: (obsolete) trętwieć, trętwić
- ⇒ Polish: drętwy
- Pomeranian:
- Kashubian: *trãtwi
- ⇒ Kashubian: (obsolete) trãtwiet
- ⇒ Kashubian: drãtwi
- Kashubian: *trãtwi
- Polish: *trętwy
References
- ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “drętwy”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
Further reading
- “strėgti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
- Sławski, Franciszek (1952–1956) “drętwieć”, in Kazimierz Nitsch, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volumes I: A—J, Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego, page 165
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “drętwieć”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), volume 1, →ISBN, page 298