Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/uzda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Most likely from *us- (“mouth”) +‎ *-da (“lacative suffix”).

Compare typologically Latin ōreae, aurea (< Latin ōs).

Noun

*ūzdà f^[1]^[2]^[3]

bridle
Synonym: *obrъtь

Inflection

Declension of *ūzdà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ūzdà	*ũzdě	*ūzdỳ
genitive	*ūzdỳ	*ūzdù	*ũzdъ
dative	*ūzdě̀	*ūzdàma	*ūzdàmъ
accusative	*ūzdǫ̀	*ũzdě	*ūzdỳ
instrumental	ūzdòjǫ, ũzdǫ^**	*ūzdàma	*ūzdàmī
locative	*ūzdě̀	*ūzdù	ūzdàsъ, ūzdàxъ^*
vocative	*uzdo	*ũzdě	*ūzdỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*obuzdati (“to bridle”)
*orzuzdati (“to unbridle”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: узда (uzda)
  - Old Ruthenian: узда́ (uzdá)
    - Belarusian: вузда́ (vuzdá)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: у́зда (úzda)
    - Ukrainian: вузда́ (vuzdá)
  - Russian: узда́ (uzdá)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: оузда (uzda)
- Bulgarian: юзда́ (juzdá)
- Macedonian: узда (uzda)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: у́зда
  
  Latin script: úzda
- Slovene: úzda (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Kashubian: ùzda
- Old Czech: uzda
  - Czech: uzda
- Polabian: väuzdа
- Polish: uzda
- Slovak: uzda
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: wuzda
  - Lower Sorbian: wuzda

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ūzdà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 511: “f. ā (b) ‘bridle’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “uzda uzdy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b tøjle (PR 135)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “uzda”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *uzda̋”