Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьlkъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wilkás, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.

Noun

*vь̑lkъ m^[1]^[2]^[3]

wolf

Declension

Declension of *vь̑lkъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vь̑lkъ	*vь̑lka	*vь̑lci
genitive	*vь̑lka	*vьlkù	*vь̃lkъ
dative	*vь̑lku	*vьlkomà	*vьlkòmъ
accusative	*vь̑lkъ	*vь̑lka	*vь̑lky
instrumental	vь̑lkъmь, vь̑lkomь^*	*vьlkomà	*vьlký
locative	*vь̑lcě	*vьlkù	*vьlcě̃xъ
vocative	*vьlče	*vь̑lka	*vь̑lci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*vьlčę̀ (“wolf cub”)
*vьlčiťь (“a small wolf”)
*vьlčьjь (“lupine”)
*vьlčìna (“wolf meat and skin”)
*vьlkolakъ (“werewolf”)

Related terms

*vьlčìca (“she-wolf”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: вълкъ (vŭlkŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: вовкъ (vovk), волкъ (volk) — archaic form
    - Belarusian: воўк (voŭk)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: вовк (vovk)
      - → Pannonian Rusyn: вовк (vovk)
    - Ukrainian: вовк (vovk); вівк (vivk) (dialectal)
  - Russian: волк (volk)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: влькъ (vlĭkŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⰲⰾⱐⰽⱏ (vlĭkŭ)
- Bulgarian: вълк (vǎlk), влък (vlǎk) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: волк (volk)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ву̑к
  
  Latin script: vȗk
  - Slavomolisano: vuk
- Slovene: vȏłk (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vlk
  - Czech: vlk
- Old Polish: wilk, wielk
  - Polish: wilk
  - Silesian: wilk
- Polabian: våuk
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: wilk, wełk, wôłk (archaic)
- Slovak: vlk
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: wjelk
  - Lower Sorbian: wjelk

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vь̑lkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 537: “m. o (c) ‘wolf ’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “vьlkъ vьlka”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c wolf (NA 99f.; SA 147, 167; PR 137)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “vọ̑lk”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*vь̑lkъ”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vь̑lkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 537: “m. o (c) ‘wolf ’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “vьlkъ vьlka”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c wolf (NA 99f.; SA 147, 167; PR 137)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “vọ̑lk”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*vь̑lkъ”

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