Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vojь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wájas, from Proto-Indo-European *woyh₁-o-s, from *weyh₁- (“to chase”).^[1]

Noun

*vojь m^[1]

soldier

Declension

Declension of *vojь (soft o-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vojь	*voja	*voji
genitive	*voja	*voju	*vojь
dative	*voju	*vojema	*vojemъ
accusative	*vojь	*voja	*voję̇
instrumental	vojьmь, vojemь^*	*vojema	*voji
locative	*voji	*voju	*vojixъ
vocative	*voju	*voja	*voji

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*vojevati (“to wage war”)
*vojevoda (“military leader”)
*vojinъ, *vojakъ (“soldier”)
- *vojinьskъ (“soldierish”)
*Vojьdanъ
*vojьnъ, *vojьnьnъ (“martial”)
- *vojьna (“war”)
*vojьskъ (“military”)
- *vojьska (“army”)
*Vojьtěxъ

Related terms

*povinǫti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: вои (voi)
  - Old Ruthenian: вой (voj)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: вои (voi)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰲⱁⰺ (voi)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: voj
  - Czech: voj
- Polish: wój, woj

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vojь; *voinъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 524

Further reading

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “воин”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “воин”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 161

Etymology 2

From o-grade action noun of *viti +‎ *-ъ, ultimately from *weh₁y- (“to twist”).^[1] The o-grade is the same as in Proto-Slavic *lojь from Proto-Slavic *liti.

Noun

*vojь m

curving, turn

Declension

Declension of *vojь (soft o-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vojь	*voja	*voji
genitive	*voja	*voju	*vojь
dative	*voju	*vojema	*vojemъ
accusative	*vojь	*voja	*voję̇
instrumental	vojьmь, vojemь^*	*vojema	*voji
locative	*voji	*voju	*vojixъ
vocative	*voju	*voja	*voji

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*jьzvojь, *vyvojь
*navojь
*orzvojь
*povojь
*zavojь

Descendants

South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: вой (voj, “volution”) (obsolete)
- ⇒ Macedonian: завој (zavoj), развој (razvoj)
- ⇒ Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: за́вој
  
  Latin script: závoj
West Slavic:
- ⇒ Czech: vývoj, rozvoj

References

^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “повой”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Further reading

Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “завой”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 576