Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xvěti
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Proposed etymologies:
- From Proto-Indo-European *keh₁w- (“to wobble”) or *keh₂w- (“to waver, to pulsate”) (in 0-grade) + *-ěti, akin to Proto-Slavic *kyvati (“to nod”). Initial *x- in this case due to PIE *kh-. Discarded as unconvincing by Trubachev (ESSJa).
- From Proto-Indo-European *(s)weh₁- (“to sway”), akin to Lithuanian svajóti (“to dream, to hallucinate”), Sanskrit स्वजते (svájate, “to embrace”), Dutch Low Saxon sweuen (“to sway in the wind”) (further related to English sway). Initial *xv- in this case from an earlier *sv-.
- Possibly of expressive or onomatopoeic origin. Compare Proto-Slavic *svistati (“to whistle”) → *xvistati (“to batter, to thrash”).
Verb
*xvěti impf
- to shake, to tremble
- (reflexive) (+ *sę) to oscillate, to wobble (for inanimate objects); to hesitate (for people)
- Synonym: *kolěbati (sę)
Alternative forms
- *xvějati (intensive)
Conjugation
Conjugation of *xvěti, *xvě, *xvějetь (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *xvěnьje | *xvěti | *xvětъ | *xvělъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *xvěnъ | *xvějemъ |
| Active | *xvěvъ | *xvěję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *xvěxъ | *xvě | *xvě | *xvějǫ | *xvěješi | *xvějetь |
| Dual | *xvěxově | *xvěsta | *xvěste | *xvějevě | *xvějeta | *xvějete |
| Plural | *xvěxomъ | *xvěste | *xvěšę | *xvějemъ | *xvějete | *xvějǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *xvěaxъ | *xvěaše | *xvěaše | — | *xvěji | *xvěji |
| Dual | *xvěaxově | *xvěašeta | *xvěašete | *xvějivě | *xvějita | — |
| Plural | *xvěaxomъ | *xvěašete | *xvěaxǫ | *xvějimъ | *xvějite | — |
Related terms
- *xvučiti (“to blow, to whiz”) (possibly)
- *kavyka (“peg, hook”) (possibly)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: хвѣяти ся (xvějati sja)
- Belarusian: хве́ицьца (xvjéicʹca)
- Russian: хве́яться (xvéjatʹsja)
- Ukrainian: хві́ятися (xvíjatysja)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: хвѣꙗти сѧ (xvějati sę)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: chvěti, chvíti
- Polish: chwiać, chwiejać
- Slovak: сhvieť
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: chwjaś
- Upper Sorbian: chwjeć
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хвеяться”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xvějati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 124
- “svajoti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012