Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xyba

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    Deverbal from *xybiti.

    Noun

    *xyba f

    1. fault
    2. mistake

    Declension

    Declension of *xyba (hard a-stem)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *xyba *xybě *xyby
    genitive *xyby *xybu *xybъ
    dative *xybě *xybama *xybamъ
    accusative *xybǫ *xybě *xyby
    instrumental *xybojǫ, *xybǫ** *xybama *xybami
    locative *xybě *xybu *xybasъ, *xybaxъ*
    vocative *xybo *xybě *xyby

    * -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
    ** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

    Descendants

    • East Slavic:
      • Old Ruthenian: хиба (xiba), хыба (xyba)
      • Russian: хи́ба (xíba) (particle, dialectal)
    • South Slavic:
      • Slovene: híba (tonal orthography)
    • West Slavic:
    • Non-Slavic:

    Further reading

    • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xyba”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 153
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