Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ŋō

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative reconstructions

*ŋuā (per Benzing & Knüppel as an alternate form)

Etymology

A zero-derivation of *ŋō- (“to smell”).

Noun

*ŋō

smell
bad smell, stink

Declension

Declension of *ŋō

	Singular
Nominative	*ŋō
Accusative	*ŋōba
Genitive	*ŋōŋī
Dative	*ŋōdua
Locative	*ŋōlā
Ablative	*ŋōdiki
Prolative	*ŋōli
Elative	*ŋōgiʒi
Instrumental	*ŋōʒi
Delative	*ŋōlāki
Directive	*ŋōtiki
Comitative	*ŋōgili

Related terms

*ŋō- (“to smell”)
*ŋōksa (“nose”)

Descendants

Jurchenic: *ŋōkun
- Jurchen: 襪洪 (wahun /⁠wa-hung⁠/, “stinking”)
  - Manchu: ᠸᠠ (wa, “smell”), ᠸᠠᡥᡡᠨ (wahūn, “stinky”)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic:
  - Even: ӈо̄ (ŋō)
  - Evenki: ӈо̄ (ŋō)
  - ⇒ Negidal: ӈо̄- (ŋō, “to smell”)
  - ⇒ Oroqen: ŋɔkɔ- (“to smell”), ŋɔkta- (“to sniff”)
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: ӈокки (ŋokki)
  - South-Eastern:
    - >? Nanai: ва̄нколи (wānkoli, “ferret”)
    - Orok: ӈоси (ŋosi)
    - >? Ulch: ва̄коли (wākoli, “ferret”)

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 37
Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 663-664
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 345.
Doerfer, Gerhard, Knüppel, Michael (2004) Etymologisch-ethnologisches Wörterbuch tungusischer Dialekte, Hildesheim: Olms, pages 604, 896