Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/tüŋen

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Noun

*tüŋen

chest, breast

Declension

Declension of *tüŋen

	Singular
Nominative	*tüŋen
Accusative	*tüŋenbe
Genitive	*tüŋenŋī
Dative	*tüŋendüe
Locative	*tüŋenlē
Ablative	*tüŋendiki
Prolative	*tüŋenli
Elative	*tüŋengiʒi
Instrumental	*tüŋenʒi
Delative	*tüŋenlēki
Directive	*tüŋentiki
Comitative	*tüŋengili

Descendants

Jurchenic: *tuŋgen
- Jurchen: 痛車 (tunggun /⁠tung-ge⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᡨᡠᠩᡤᡝᠨ (tunggen)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic: *tiŋen
  - Even: тиӈэн (tiŋən)
  - Evenki: тыӈэн (tiŋən)
  - Negidal: тиӈэн (tiŋen)
  - Solon: tiŋen
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central: *tiŋe
    - Oroch: тиӈэ (tiŋe)
    - Udihe: тиӈэ (tiŋe)
  - South-Eastern: *tuŋen
    - Nanai: туӈэн (tuŋen), туӈгэн (tuŋgen)
    - Orok: туӈэ̄ (tuŋə̄), туӈэ̄н (tuŋə̄n)
    - Ulch: туӈгэ(н) (tuŋge(n))

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 37
Vovin, Alexander, Janhunen, Juha, de la Fuente, José Andrés Alonso (2023) The Tungusic Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Abingdon: Routledge, page 38
Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 184-185
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 319.