Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ïm

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *(h)im (“sign”), Proto-Tungusic *pim (“sign”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*ïm

(Common Turkic) sign

Declension

Declension of *ïm (Common Turkic)
	singular	plural ²⁾
nominative	*ïm	*ïmlar
accusative
genitive	*ïmnïŋ	*ïmlarnïŋ
dative	*ïmka	*ïmlarka
locative	*ïmda	*ïmlarda
ablative	*ïmdan	*ïmlardan
instrumental ¹⁾		*ïmlarïn
equative ¹⁾	*ïmča	*ïmlarča

¹⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾ This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: him
  - Ottoman Turkish: ام (im)
    - Turkish: im
- Turkmen: üm
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اِمْ (im)
  - Uyghur: ئىم (im)
  - Uzbek: im
Kipchak:
- Kipchak–Bulgar:
  - Bashkir: ым (ım)
  - Tatar: ым (ım)
- Kipchak–Cuman:
  - Kumyk: юм (yum)
- Kipchak–Nogai:
  - Karakalpak: iʼm
  - Kazakh: ым (ym)
  - Nogai: [script needed] (ım)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: ым (ım)
  - Southern Altai: [script needed] (um)
Siberian:
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: [script needed] (im)
  - Dolgan: [script needed] (imneek)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: [script needed] (im)

References

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ɨm”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill