Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ȫrdek

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

A metathesized form, *ȫdrek, appears to have risen at an early date.

While usually considered simplex, there have been several proposals regarding its etymology:

Nişanyan considers the possibility *ȫdrek might be the original form and puts forth a derivation from *öt- (“to chirp”), however he does elaborate on its morphology or phonology.
Clauson suggests a derivation from *ȫr- (“to rise”) in reference to ducks rising out of the water, however there does not exist a suffix *-dek.
EDAL reconstructs *Ebür(d)ek in order to connect it with Proto-Tungusic *ābu- (“a kind of duck”) and Japanese 鵜 (u, “cormorant”) under the disputed Altaic theory.

Noun

*ȫrdek

(Common Turkic, ornithology) duck
Synonym: *kuš (Siberian Turkic)

Declension

Declension of *ȫrdek
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*ȫrdek
accusative	ȫrdekig, ȫrdekni¹⁾
genitive	*ȫrdekniŋ
dative	*ȫrdekke
locative	*ȫrdekde
ablative	*ȫrdekden
allative	*ȫrdekgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*ȫrdekin
equative ²⁾	*ȫrdekče
similative ²⁾	*ȫrdekleyü
comitative ²⁾	*ȫrdekligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Arghu:
- Khalaj: irdək
Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: ördək
    - Ottoman Turkish: اوردك (ördek)
      - Gagauz: ördek
      - Turkish: ördek
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: ördek
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اُرْدَكْ (ördek, “duck, goose”)
  - Uyghur: ئۆردەك (ördek)
  - Uzbek: oʻrdak
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: өйрәк (öyrək), үрҙәк (ürźək)
  - Tatar: үрдәк (ürdäk)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: үйрек (üirek)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: өрдөк (ördök)
  - Southern Altai: ӧртӧк (örtök)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ödrek), [script needed] (ödirek), [script needed] (ördek)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: өдүрек (ödürek)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ördek”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 205
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ördek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill