Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gān

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

preceding vowel
A / Ï / O / U	E / I / Ö / Ü
*-gān	*-gēn

Suffix

*-gān

Forms deverbal nouns and imperfective participle of verbs
‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-gān → ‎*sebgēn (“One who loves”)

‎*tabïĺ- (“to run”) + ‎*-gān → ‎*tabïĺgān (“One who jumps (i.e., a hare)”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: -ان (-an/en)
  - Chuvash: -ан (-an), -ен (-en)
Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: -an, -ən
  - Ottoman Turkish: ـان (-an), ـن (-en)
    - Turkish: -an, -en
    - Gagauz: -an, -en
- Turkmen: -ýan, -ýän
- Salar: -ğan, -gen
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)
    - Uzbek: -gan
    - Uyghur: ـگان (-gan), ـگەن (-gen)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak-Bulgar:
  - Bashkir: -ҡан (-qan), -кән (-kən), -ған (-ğan), -гән (-gən)
- Kipchak-Nogai:
  - Kazakh: -қан (-qan), -кен (-ken), -ған (-ğan), -ген (-gen)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гөн (-gön)
  - Southern Altai: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гӧн (-gön)
Siberian Turkic:
- Old Turkic: 𐰍𐰣 (ǧn¹), 𐰏𐰤 (gn²)
- Old Uyghur: -𐽲𐽰𐽺 (-qʾn), -𐽷𐽰𐽺 (-kʾn)

Derived terms

Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-gān

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tabïĺgān

Suffix

*-gān

(very rare, Karluk only) Forms denominal nouns
‎*arpa (“barley”) + ‎*-gān → ‎*arpagan (“wild barley, barley cultivate that does not produce seeds”)

‎*temür (“iron”) + ‎*-gān → ‎*temürgen (“arrow-head”)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “-ğa:n/-ge:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page xliv
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “-ğa:n/-ge:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page xlviii
Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation‎^[1], volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 85
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+gAn”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+gAn2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük