Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bürge

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

*bürče
*bürgē (per Clauson)

Etymology

From *bür (“leaf, bud”) +‎ *-ge. Alternatively, from Proto-Turkic *bürü- (“to cover up, to dig oneself in”).

Compare Proto-Indo-European *plúsis and Proto-Afroasiatic *pVrɣVč (“flea”).

Noun

*bürge

flea

Declension

Declension of *bürge
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*bürge
accusative	bürgeg, bürgeni¹⁾
genitive	*bürgeniŋ
dative	*bürgeke
locative	*bürgede
ablative	*bürgeden
allative	*bürgegerü
instrumental ²⁾	*bürgen
equative ²⁾	*bürgeče
similative ²⁾	*bürgeleyü
comitative ²⁾	*bürgeligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur: *bürče
- Bulgar: *bürśe
  - Middle Chuvash: *pürśe
    - Chuvash: пӑрҫа (părś̬a)
    - >? Anatri Chuvash: порҫа (porś̬a)
Proto-Common Turkic: *bürge
- → Proto-Mongolic: *bürge (“flea”)

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: birə
  - Ottoman Turkish: پیره (pire)
    - Gagauz: pirä
    - Turkish: pire
- Salar: birge
- Turkmen: büre
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: بُرْكا (bürge)^[1]
  - Uzbek: burga
  - Uyghur: بۈرگە (bürge)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak-Bulgar:
  - Bashkir: бөрсә (börsə)
  - Tatar: борча (borça), бүре (büre)
- Kipchak-Cuman:
  - Karachay-Balkar: бюрче (bürçe)
  - Kumyk: бюрче (bürçe)
  - Karaim: бырчэ, пирэ
- Kipchak-Nogai:
  - Karakalpak: bürge
  - Kazakh: бүрге (bürge)
  - Nogai: буьрше (bürşe)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: бүргө (bürgö)

References

^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume 1, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 427

Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 147
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bürče / *bürge”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “bürge:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 362
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 92
Sevortjan, E. V. (1978) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Nauka, pages 298-299
Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 182-183

[1] -Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume 1, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 427

[1]