Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bẹ̄l

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*bēlk (per Tenišev)

Etymology

The semantic expansion to "mountain pass" occurs in pre-13th century.

Noun

*bẹ̄l

(anatomy) waist

Declension

Declension of *bẹ̄l
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*bẹ̄l
accusative	bẹ̄lig, bẹ̄lni¹⁾
genitive	*bẹ̄lniŋ
dative	*bẹ̄lke
locative	*bẹ̄lte
ablative	*bẹ̄lten
allative	*bẹ̄lgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*bẹ̄lin
equative ²⁾	*bẹ̄lče
similative ²⁾	*bẹ̄lleyü
comitative ²⁾	*bẹ̄lligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: пилӗк (pilĕk)
Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: bel
    - Gagauz: bel
    - Ottoman Turkish: بل (bel)
      - Turkish: bel
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: bil
Kipchak:
- North Kicphak:
  - Bashkir: бил (bil)
  - Tatar: бил (bil)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: bel
  - Karachay-Balkar: бел (bel)
  - Kumyk: бел (bel)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: bel
  - Kazakh: бел (bel)
  - Nogai: бел (bel)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: бел (bel)
  - Southern Altai: бел (bel)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: بِيلْ (/⁠bél⁠⁠/)
  - Uyghur: بەل (bel)
  - Uzbek: bel
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰠 (b²il² /⁠bél⁠⁠/)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: биил (biil)
  - Yakut: биил (biil)
- Southe Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: бел (bel)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Chulym: пӓл (pel)
    - Khakas: пил (pil)
    - Northern Altai: пел (pel), пил (pil)
    - Shor: пел (pel)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “bé:l”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page bé:l of 330
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 69
Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 268-269
Sevortjan, E. V. (1978) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Nauka, pages 135-137
Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 416
Gülensoy, Tuncer (2007) “Proto-Turkic/bẹ̄l”, in Türkiye Türkcesindeki Türkçe Sözcüklerin Köken Bilgisi Sözlüğü (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 127