Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/balčïk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

*balkčïk, *balkač, *balkïč

Etymology

Cognate with *balïk, whence Arghu بَلِقْ (balıq, “mud”) and Old Turkic 𐰉𐰞𐰃𐰶 (balïq). Nişanyan suggests that *bālïk (“fish”) is also related, compare *sāŕgan (“carp”) for semantic development. Sevortjan suggests the root for all of them is *bal (“honey”) which he supposes comes from an earlier meaning "viscous liquid". Some of the Kipchak and Siberian reflexes show a metathesis to *balkïč. Some academicians such as Hasan Eren, Nedim Tuna and Yasemin Bulut claim *balkač as the archaic form and reflexes show a metathesis to *balčak and *balčïk. Ananiasz Zajaczkowski suggests *balkčïk.^[1]

Noun

*balčïk

mud
Synonym: *čalmur

Declension

Declension of *balčïk
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*balčïk
accusative	balčïkïg, balčïknï¹⁾
genitive	*balčïknïŋ
dative	*balčïkka
locative	*balčïkda
ablative	*balčïkdan
allative	*balčïkgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*balčïkïn
equative ²⁾	*balčïkča
similative ²⁾	*balčïklayu
comitative ²⁾	*balčïklïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Common Turkic:

Oghuz: بَلْجِقْ (balçıq)
- Old Anatolian Turkish: بلچق (balçuq), بلچخ (balçıḫ), بالچوق (balçuq), بلچغ (balçıġ)
  - Azerbaijani: palçıq
    - → Khalaj: palçoq, palçuq
    - → Lezgi: палчух (palčuꭓ)
  - Gagauz: Balçık
  - Ottoman Turkish: بالچق (balçık)
    - Turkish: balçık
    - → Armenian: պալչըխ (palčʻəx)
- Salar: palçıq
- Turkmen: palçyk
Karluk:
- Chagatai: [script needed] (palçığ)
  - Uyghur: بالچۇق (balchuq)
  - Uzbek: balchiq
Kipchak: [script needed] (balçık), [script needed] (balçuk), [script needed] (balşık)
- Cuman: balçuc
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: балсыҡ (balsıq).
  - Tatar: балчык (balçıq)
  - → Chuvash: пылчăк (pylčăk), пулчăк (pulčăk)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: balçıq
  - Kumyk: балчыкь (balçıkʹ)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: балшық (balşyq), балқаш (balqaş)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: балчык (balcık), балкыч (balkıc)
    - Southern Altai: балчык (balčïk), балкаш (balkaš)
Siberian:
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: малгаш (malgaş)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: палгас (palgas), палчах (palçax)
    - Shor: палғаш
  - Northern Altai: палгаш (palgaš)
→ Proto-Mongolic: *balcig

References

^ Çınar, Ümit. (2021) Bal Gibi. pp. 6-8. [1]

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 333
al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, pages 379, 467
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “balçık”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Levitskaja, L. S., Blagova, G. F., Dybo, A. V., Nasilov, D. M., Pocelujevskij, Je. A. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VII, Moscow: Vostočnaja literatura, page 110
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 60
M. Selda Çoban (2005) Divanu Lugati`t-Türk'te geçen "Oğuzca" kayıtlı dil malzemesi (Thesis)‎^[2], Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences, page 59

[1] Çınar, Ümit. (2021) Bal Gibi. pp. 6-8. [1]

[1]