Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kār-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kār and Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kar-

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*kār-

(transitive) to mix

Derived terms

*kār-ïĺč- (“to be mixed”) (reflexive)
- *kārïĺč-tur- (“to mix something”) (causative)
*kārïĺ (“handspan”)
*kārïg (“forearm”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: юр (jur)
Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: قارمق (qarmaq)
    - Azerbaijani: qarmaq
    - Gagauz: karmaa
    - Ottoman Turkish: قارمق (karmak)
      - Turkish: karmak
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: gārmak
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (qar-)
  - Uzbek: qormoq
Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: [script needed] (qarı-)

References

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kiār-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 642-643
Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 285
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “karmak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük