Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kagun
Proto-Turkic
Alternative reconstructions
- *qaɣun[1]
Etymology
Perhaps borrowed from Tibetan ག་གོན (ga gon, “melon, gourd”),[2] reduplicated borrowing from Old Mandarin 瓜 (kwa)[3] (compare borrowings Tibetan གོན (gon, “pumpkin”), Nusu [Term?] (/ɣɔ/, “pumpkin”), Dzongkha གོན (gon, “cucumber”), Classical Mongolian ᠭᠤᠧᠠ (ɣuē-a)), though this has been disputed[1].
Noun
*kagun[4]
Declension
| singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| nominative | *kagun |
| accusative | *kagunug, *kagunnï1) |
| genitive | *kagunnuŋ |
| dative | *kagunka |
| locative | *kagunta |
| ablative | *kaguntan |
| allative | *kagungaru |
| instrumental 2) | *kagunun |
| equative 2) | *kagunča |
| similative 2) | *kagunlayu |
| comitative 2) | *kagunlugu |
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Karakhanid:[5][6]
- Arabic script: كاغُونْ (kāğūn) [1072 CE, Kashgari I], [script needed] (kāwūn) [13th c., ibn Muhannā]
- Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽲𐽳𐽺 (q̈ʾqwn /kağun/) [1070 CE, Kutadgu Bilig]
- Kipchak:
- Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (kāwun) [13th c.], [script needed] (kawun) [14th c.], [script needed] (kowun) [15th c.][5]
- Azerbaijani:
- Afashari: qawun, qaụn, qaụ̄n
- Azerbaijani: qovun
- Firuzabadi: ğowu·n
- Qalaye Farhad-Xani: ğa̬wn
- Qorwai: ğaun
- Sonqori: ğown
- Tabriz: qohun
- Gagauz: kaun (“muskmelon”)
- Ottoman Turkish: قاون (kavun)
- Turkish: kavun
- → Arabic: قَاوُون (qāwūn, “bitter melon, cantaloupe”)
- Kurdish:
- → Northern Kurdish: qawin, qawûn
- Kurdish:
- → Georgian: ყავუნი (q̇avuni) — Chveneburi
- → Laz: კავონი (ǩavoni)
- → Ukrainian: каву́н (kavún, “watermelon”) (or possibly from Tatar)
- Azerbaijani:
- Turkmen: gawun
- → Shina: [script needed] (gawún)
- Salar: qoğun
- Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (kāwun) [13th c.], [script needed] (kawun) [14th c.], [script needed] (kowun) [15th c.][5]
- Siberian Turkic:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 139
- ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 157
- ^ Uray, G. (1954) “Duplication, gemination, and triplication in Tibetan”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 4, number 1/3, →JSTOR
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Nugteren, Hans, Ross, Marti (1996) “Common Vocabulary of the Western and Eastern Yugur Languages: The Turkic and Mongolic Loanwords”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 49, number 1/2, Akadémiai Kiadó, →JSTOR
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ka:ğu:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page ğu:n
- ^ The template Template:R:otk:DTS does not use the parameter(s):
2=406
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “qaγun”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka - ^ Schluessel, Eric (2015) “melon”, in Digital glossary of Eastern Turki[1]