Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/top

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compare Proto-Mongolic *toburugu (“round, convex”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*top

  1. round thing, ball

Declension

Declension of *top
singular 3)
nominative *top
accusative *topug, *topnï1)
genitive *topnuŋ
dative *topka
locative *topda
ablative *topdan
allative *topgaru
instrumental 2) *topun
equative 2) *topča
similative 2) *toplayu
comitative 2) *toplugu
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • →? Proto-Mongolic: *toburugu
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: тупӑ (tup̬ă, “ball, cannonball”)
  • Arghu:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: top
      • Ottoman Turkish: طوپ
        • Turkish: top
        • → Albanian: top
        • → Greek: τόπι (tópi)
        • → Ladino: טופ
        • → Macedonian: топ (top)
        • → Middle Armenian: թօփ (tʻōpʻ)
        • → Iraqi Arabic: طوبة (ṭobe)
        • → North Levantine Arabic: طابه (ṭābe)
        • → Ossetian: топп (topp)
        • → Persian: توپ (tup, top)
        • → Serbo-Croatian:
          Cyrillic script: топ
          Latin script: top
        • → Slovene: top
      • Gagauz: top
    • Turkmen: top
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (top)
      • Uzbek: to‘p
      • Uyghur: توپ (top)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: top
      • Kumyk: топ (top)
      • Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (top)
      • Karaim: [script needed] (top)
    • South Kipchak:

References

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