Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yogurgan

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *yogur- (“to knead”) +‎ *-gan, the descendants point to a *yogurkan, this is due to a natural development of the consonant cluster *-rg- to *-rk-.^[1] Clauson states that the semantics are not obvious, but may makes sense with *yogun (“thick, dense”) in mind.

Noun

*yogurgan

(Common Turkic) blanket

Declension

Declension of *yogurgan
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*yogurgan
accusative	yogurganïg, yogurgannï¹⁾
genitive	*yogurgannïŋ
dative	*yogurganka
locative	*yogurganta
ablative	*yogurgantan
allative	*yogurgangaru
instrumental ²⁾	*yogurganïn
equative ²⁾	*yogurganča
similative ²⁾	*yogurganlayu
comitative ²⁾	*yogurganlïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Common Turkic:
- Arghu
  - Khalaj: yorğân
- Proto-Oghuz:
  - West Oghuz:
    - Azerbaijani: yorğan
    - Ottoman Turkish: یورغان (yorğan)
      Turkish: yorgan
      → Albanian: jorgan
      → Armenian: յորղան (yorġan)
      → Bulgarian: юрган (jurgan)
      Kurdish:
      → Northern Kurdish: yurẍan
      → Macedonian: јорган (jorgan)
      → Laz: ჲორღანი (yorğani)
      → Romanian: iorgan
      → Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: јо̀рган
      Latin script: jòrgan
  - East Oghuz:
    - Turkmen: ýorgan
- Karluk:
  - Karakhanid: یُغُرْقان (yuɣurqan)
    - Chagatai: یوورقاب (yuvurqan)
      Uyghur: يوتقان (yotqan)
- Kipchak:
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: юрған (yurğan)
    - Tatar: юрган (yurgan)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: yorğan
    - Karachay-Balkar: джууургъан (cuuurğan)
    - Kumyk: ювургъан (yuwurğan)
      → Chechen: йургӏа class dd (jurğa)
      → Ingush: ювргӏа class jj (juvrğa)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Nogai: ювыркан (yuvırkan), юркан (yurkan)
  - East Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: жууркан (juurkan)
    - Southern Altai: јууркан (ǰuurkan)
- Siberian:
  - Old Turkic:
    - Old Uyghur: ywqwrqʾn (yoɣurqan)
  - North Siberian:
    - Dolgan: һуорган (huorgan)
    - Yakut: суорҕан (suorğan)
  - South Siberian:
    - Sayan Turkic:
      Tofa: чоорһан (çoorhan)
      
      Tuvan: чоорган (çoorgan)
    - Yenisei:
      Khakas: чорған (çorğan)
    - Northern Altai: ньуурган (nʹuurgan), чорган (čorgan), дьуурган (dʹuurgan), навырган (navïrgan)

References

^ Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation‎^[1], volume II, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 382

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 907
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 205
Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 225-226
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*yogurgan”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation‎^[1], volume II, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 382

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