Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yumuĺ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *yum- +‎ *-uĺ.

Noun

*yumuĺ

  1. work
    Synonym: *īĺč
  2. service
  3. necessity

Declension

Declension of *yumuĺ
singular 3)
nominative *yumuĺ
accusative *yumuĺug, *yumuĺnï1)
genitive *yumuĺnuŋ
dative *yumuĺka
locative *yumuĺta
ablative *yumuĺtan
allative *yumuĺgaru
instrumental 2) *yumuĺun
equative 2) *yumuĺča
similative 2) *yumuĺlayu
comitative 2) *yumuĺlugu
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: ҫӑмӑл (śămăl)
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Ottoman Turkish:
        • Turkish: yumuş
    • Turkmen: ýumuş
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (yumuš)
      • Uzbek: yumush
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: йомош (yomoş)
      • Tatar: йомыш (yomış)
    • West Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: [script needed] (yumuš)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yumuš)
    • South Siberian:
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas: нымыс (nımıs)
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: чымыш (çımış)
      • Northern Altai: ньумуш (nʹumuš)

Further reading

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