Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/īĺč

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction Notes

Clauson notes that Karakhanid form is consistently spelled with an ï, rather than i and its equivalents found in every Turkic language. This irregularity is attributed to it being "perhaps the original form" by the author.

Alternative Reconstructions

*ï̄ĺč (per Clauson)

Noun

*īĺč

work
Synonym: *yumuĺ

Declension

Declension of *īĺč
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*īĺč
accusative	īĺčig, īĺčni¹⁾
genitive	*īĺčniŋ
dative	*īĺčke
locative	*īĺčde
ablative	*īĺčden
allative	*īĺčgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*īĺčin
equative ²⁾	*īĺčče
similative ²⁾	*īĺčleyü
comitative ²⁾	*īĺčligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur
- Chuvash: ӗҫ (ĕś)
Proto-Common Turkic: *īš

Arghu
- Khalaj: îş
- →⇒? Khalaj: şamaq
Oghuz
- Old Anatolian Turkish: ایش (iš)
  - Azerbaijani: iş
  - Ottoman Turkish: ایش (iš)
    - Gagauz: iş
    - Turkish: iş
    - → Pontic Greek: δουλεία (douleía) (semantic loan)
- Turkmen: īş
- Salar: iš
Karluk
- Karakhanid: اٖیشْ (ïš)
  - Chagatai: ایش (iš)
    - Uzbek: ish
    - Uyghur: ئىش (ish)
Kipchak
- Kipchak: is (iš) (Codex Cumanicus)
- North Kipchak
  - Bashkir: эш (eş)
  - Tatar: эш (eş)
- West Kipchak
  - Kumyk: иш (iş)
  - Karachay-Balkar: иш (iş)
  - Crimean Tatar: iş
- East Kipchak
  - Southern Altai: иш (iš)
  - Teleut иш
  - Kyrgyz: иш (iş)
- South Kipchak
  - Nogai: ис (is)
  - Karakalpak: ис
  - Kazakh: іс (ıs)
Siberian
- Old Turkic: 𐰃𐰾 (iš)
  - South Siberian
    - Sayan Turkic
      - Tuvan: иш (iş)
      - Tofa: иш
    - Yenisei Turkic
    - Khakas: іс (ìs)
    - Shor: иш
    - Western Yugur: ïs

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “i:ş (? ı:ş)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 254
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 174
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 395-396
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*īĺč”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill