Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þolēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

*þolōn

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þulāną.

Verb

*þolēn^[1]

to bear, to endure

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive	*þolēn
1st sg. past	*þol?dā
Infinitive	*þolēn
Genitive infin.	*þolēnijas
Dative infin.	*þolēnijē
Instrum. infin.	*þolēniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*þolē	*þol?dā
2nd singular	*þolēs	þol?dēs, þol?dēs
3rd singular	*þolēþ	þol?dē, þol?dā
1st plural	*þolēm	*þol?dum
2nd plural	*þolēþ	*þol?dud
3rd plural	*þolēnþ	*þol?dun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*þolē	*þol?dī
2nd singular	*þolēs	*þol?dī
3rd singular	*þolē	*þol?dī
1st plural	*þolēm	*þol?dīm
2nd plural	*þolēþ	*þol?dīd
3rd plural	*þolēn	*þol?dīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*þolē
Plural	*þolēþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*þolēndī	*þol?d

Descendants

Old English: þolian
- Middle English: þolien
  - Scots: thole
  - English: thole
Old Frisian: tholia
Old Saxon: tholōn, tholoian, tholian
- Middle Low German: dōlen
- ⇒ Middle Low German: dulden, dülden
  - German Low German: dülden
Old Dutch: tholon
- Middle Dutch: dōlen
Old High German: dolēn, dolōn
- Middle High German: doln
  - Alemannic German: tole
  - German: dolen
  - Luxembourgish: dëllen
- ⇒ Old High German: dulten
  - Middle High German: dulden
    - German: dulden

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 162: “PWGmc *þolē-”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 162: “PWGmc *þolē-”

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