Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/balu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *balwaz.

Adjective

*balu

bad, evil, wicked

Inflection

wa-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*balu
Genitive	*balwas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*balu	*balu	*balu
Accusative	*balwanā	*balwā	*balu
Genitive	*balwas	*balweʀā	*balwas
Dative	*balumē	*balweʀē	*balumē
Instrumental	*balu	*balweʀu	*balu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*balwē	*balwō	*balu
Accusative	*balwā	*balwā	*balu
Genitive	*balweʀō	*balweʀō	*balweʀō
Dative	balwēm, balum	balwēm, balum	balwēm, balum
Instrumental	balwēm, balum	balwēm, balum	balwēm, balum

Derived terms

Related terms

*balwīg

Descendants

Old English: bealu
- Middle English: bale
Old Frisian: balu (in compounds)
- West Frisian: bal
Old Saxon: *balu, *balo
- Middle Low German: bal
Old Dutch: *balo
- Middle Dutch: bal

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *balwą.

Noun

*balu n^[1]

evil, evilness, wickedness
harm, misfortune

Inflection

Neuter wa-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*balu
Genitive	*balwas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*balu	*balu
Accusative	*balu	*balu
Genitive	*balwas	*balwō
Dative	*balwē	*balum
Instrumental	*balu	*balum

Descendants

Old English: bealu, balu, bealo
- Middle English: bale, balu
  - English: bale (dated)
  - ⇒ Yola: ballcoot
Old Saxon: balu, balo
Old High German: balo
- Middle High German: bale
  - ⇒ Middle High German: balheit

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 46: “PWGmc *balu”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 46: “PWGmc *balu”

[1]