Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/forþ(a)rōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *forþar (“further”) +‎ *-ōn, the former ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go forth”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Verb

*forþ(a)rōn

to move forward, to progress
to bring to the front

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*forþ(a)rōn
1st sg. past	*forþ(a)rōdā
Infinitive	*forþ(a)rōn
Genitive infin.	*forþ(a)rōnijas
Dative infin.	*forþ(a)rōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*forþ(a)rōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*forþ(a)rō	*forþ(a)rōdā
2nd singular	*forþ(a)rōs	forþ(a)rōdēs, forþ(a)rōdōs
3rd singular	*forþ(a)rōþ	forþ(a)rōdē, forþ(a)rōdā
1st plural	*forþ(a)rōm	*forþ(a)rōdum
2nd plural	*forþ(a)rōþ	*forþ(a)rōdud
3rd plural	*forþ(a)rōnþ	*forþ(a)rōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*forþ(a)rō	*forþ(a)rōdī
2nd singular	*forþ(a)rōs	*forþ(a)rōdī
3rd singular	*forþ(a)rō	*forþ(a)rōdī
1st plural	*forþ(a)rōm	*forþ(a)rōdīm
2nd plural	*forþ(a)rōþ	*forþ(a)rōdīd
3rd plural	*forþ(a)rōn	*forþ(a)rōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*forþ(a)rō
Plural	*forþ(a)rōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*forþ(a)rōndī	*forþ(a)rōd

Related terms

*furþ(i)rijan

Descendants

Old English: *furþrian
- Middle English: furþeren, forþeren
  - English: further
Old Frisian: *forderia
- West Frisian: foarderje
Old Saxon: *fortharon
- Middle Low German: vôrderen, vôrdern
  - → Danish: fordre
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: fordre
  - → Norwegian Nynorsk: fordre, fordra
  - → Swedish: fordra
Old Dutch: fortheron
- Middle Dutch: vorderen
  - Dutch: vorderen
Old High German: fordarōn
- Middle High German: vorderen, vordern
  - German: fordern
  - Yiddish: פֿאָדערן (fodern)