Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/giwēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gi-, *gī- (“to yawn, gape”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₂ey-, from *ǵʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”).

Verb

*giwēn^[1]

to gape desirously or eagerly
to desire eagerly

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive	*giwēn
1st sg. past	*giw?dā
Infinitive	*giwēn
Genitive infin.	*giwēnijas
Dative infin.	*giwēnijē
Instrum. infin.	*giwēniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*giwē	*giw?dā
2nd singular	*giwēs	giw?dēs, giw?dēs
3rd singular	*giwēþ	giw?dē, giw?dā
1st plural	*giwēm	*giw?dum
2nd plural	*giwēþ	*giw?dud
3rd plural	*giwēnþ	*giw?dun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*giwē	*giw?dī
2nd singular	*giwēs	*giw?dī
3rd singular	*giwē	*giw?dī
1st plural	*giwēm	*giw?dīm
2nd plural	*giwēþ	*giw?dīd
3rd plural	*giwēn	*giw?dīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*giwē
Plural	*giwēþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*giwēndī	*giw?d

Related terms

*giwōn (“to gape tiredly, yawn”)
- Old Saxon: *giwōn
  - Middle Low German: giwen, gēwen, geuwen, gaeuwen (“to yawn, gape" also "to intensely desire”) (merger with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *giwēn)
- Old Dutch: *giwon, *gewon
  - Middle Dutch: geuwen, geeuwen
    - Dutch: geeuwen, guwen
      - → West Frisian: geauwe, gouwe
- Old High German: gewōn
  - Middle High German: giwen, gëwen
    - German: geuen, gäuen

Descendants

Old English: ġiwian
Old Saxon: *giwōn
- Middle Low German: giwen, gēwen, geuwen, gaeuwen (“to yawn, gape" also "to intensely desire”) (merger with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *giwōn (“to yawn”))
Old High German: *giwēn
- >? Middle High German: giwen, gewen (“to gape”) (merger with descendant of Old High German gewōn (“to yawn, open one's mouth widely”))
  - German: geuen, gäuen (“to yawn", also "to gape, stand with mouth wide open”)
- ⇒ Old High German: anagiwēn (“to desire eagerly, strive after greedily”)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 187: “PWGmc *giwē-”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 187: “PWGmc *giwē-”

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