Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hnōjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hnōjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *knéh₂-ye-ti,[1] from *kneh₂- (“to scrape, scratch”) +‎ *-yeti. Cognate with Proto-Celtic *knāyeti (“to bite, chew”), Lithuanian knója (“to peel, tear”), Ancient Greek κνάω (knáō, “to scrape, scratch”).[2]

Verb

*hnōjan

  1. to scrape, plane

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *hnōjan
1st sg. past *hnōidā
Infinitive *hnōjan
Genitive infin. *hnōjannjas
Dative infin. *hnōjannjē
Instrum. infin. *hnōjannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *hnōju *hnōidā
2nd singular *hnōisi *hnōidēs, *hnōidōs
3rd singular *hnōiþi *hnōidē, *hnōidā
1st plural *hnōjum *hnōidum
2nd plural *hnōiþ *hnōidud
3rd plural *hnōjanþ *hnōidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *hnōjē *hnōidī
2nd singular *hnōjēs *hnōidī
3rd singular *hnōjē *hnōidī
1st plural *hnōjēm *hnōidīm
2nd plural *hnōjēþ *hnōidīd
3rd plural *hnōjēn *hnōidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *hnōi
Plural *hnōiþ
Present Past
Participle *hnōjandī *hnōid

Alternative reconstructions

  • *hnōan

Derived terms

  • *hnōil
  • *hnōu
  • *hnōþi (“groove”)
    • Old High German: nuot
      • Middle High German: nuot

Descendants

  • Old High German: nōen
    • Middle High German: nūejen

References

  1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 365
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 237
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