Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hwerban
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *hwerbaną.
Verb
*hwerban[1]
- to turn
Inflection
| Strong class 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *hwerban | |
| 1st sg. past | *hwarb | |
| 3rd pl. past | *hurbun | |
| Past ptcple | *horban | |
| Infinitive | *hwerban | |
| Genitive infin. | *hwerbannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *hwerbannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *hwerbannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *hwerbu | *hwarb |
| 2nd singular | *hwirbiʀi | *hurbī |
| 3rd singular | *hwirbidi | *hwarb |
| 1st plural | *hwerbum | *hurbum |
| 2nd plural | *hwirbid | *hurbud |
| 3rd plural | *hwerband | *hurbun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *hwerbē | *hurbī |
| 2nd singular | *hwerbēs | *hurbī |
| 3rd singular | *hwerbē | *hurbī |
| 1st plural | *hwerbēm | *hurbīm |
| 2nd plural | *hwerbēþ | *hurbīd |
| 3rd plural | *hwerbēn | *hurbīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *hwirb | |
| Plural | *hwirbid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *hwerbandī | *horban |
Related terms
Descendants
- Old English: hweorfan
- Old Frisian: hwerva
- Old Saxon: hwervan, hwerban
- Middle Low German: warven, warben
- Old Dutch: *wervan
- Old High German: hwerban, werban
- Middle High German: werben, werven
- German: werben
- → Polish: werbować
- → Belarusian: вербава́ць (vjerbavácʹ, “to recruit; to enlist”)
- → Russian: вербова́ть (verbovátʹ, “to recruit; to enlist”)
- → Ukrainian: вербува́ти (verbuváty, “to recruit; to enlist”)
- → Polish: werbować
- German: werben
- Middle High German: werben, werven
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 49: “PWGmc *hwerban”