Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/keusan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *keusaną.

Verb

*keusan^[1]

to choose

Inflection

Strong class 2
Infinitive	*keusan
1st sg. past	*kaus
3rd pl. past	*kuʀun
Past ptcple	*koʀan
Infinitive	*keusan
Genitive infin.	*keusannjas
Dative infin.	*keusannjē
Instrum. infin.	*keusannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*keusu	*kaus
2nd singular	*kiusiʀi	*kuʀī
3rd singular	*kiusidi	*kaus
1st plural	*keusum	*kuʀum
2nd plural	*kiusid	*kuʀud
3rd plural	*keusand	*kuʀun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*keusē	*kuʀī
2nd singular	*keusēs	*kuʀī
3rd singular	*keusē	*kuʀī
1st plural	*keusēm	*kuʀīm
2nd plural	*keusēþ	*kuʀīd
3rd plural	*keusēn	*kuʀīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kius
Plural	*kiusid
	Present	Past
Participle	*keusandī	*koʀan

Descendants

Old English: ċēosan
- Middle English: chesen, chees, cheese, cheesen, chese, chesyn, cheose, cheys, chiese, chiesen, chyese, chose, chuse, cesen, cheosen (Early Middle English)
  - English: choose
  - Scots: chuise, cheese
Old Frisian: kiāsa, ziāsa
- North Frisian: kese
- Saterland Frisian: kjoze
- West Frisian: kieze
Old Saxon: kiosan
- Middle Low German: kêsen, kîsen
  - German Low German: kiesen
  - Low German: kesen
  - → Old Swedish: kesa
    - Swedish: kesa
  - → Danish: kejse
  - → Scanian: késa
Old Dutch: *kiesan
- Middle Dutch: kiesen
  - Dutch: kiezen
    - Afrikaans: kies
Old High German: kiosan, chiosan
- Middle High German: kiesen
  - German: kiesen

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 206: “PWGmc *keusan”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 206: “PWGmc *keusan”

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