Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/nāþlu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *nēþlō.

Noun

*nāþlu f^[1]

needle

Inflection

ō-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*nāþlu
Genitive	*nāþlā
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*nāþlu	*nāþlō
Accusative	*nāþlā	*nāþlā
Genitive	*nāþlā	*nāþlō
Dative	*nāþlē	nāþlōm, nāþlum
Instrumental	*nāþlu	nāþlōm, nāþlum

Descendants

Old English: nǣdl
- Middle English: nedle
  - English: needle
  - Scots: nedil, neidil
Old Frisian: nēdle, nēlde
- Saterland Frisian: Näddele
- West Frisian: niddel, nuddel, nille, nulle
Old Saxon: nāthla
- Middle Low German: nâdel, nâtele, nâtel, nâtle, nâlde (not found in most areas, rare elsewhere)
  - Low German: Nodel, Nadel (likely to be loaned from or influenced by German)
  - Plautdietsch: Notel
Old Dutch: nālda
- Middle Dutch: naelde
  - Dutch: naald
    - Afrikaans: naald
Old High German: nādala, nālda
- Middle High German: nādele, nālde
  - German: Nadel
  - Luxembourgish: Nol (< nālde)
  - Yiddish: נאָדל (nodl); נודיל (nudil) (Middle Yiddish, attested in Shemot Devarim)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 329: “PWGmc *nāþlu, *nādlō-”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 329: “PWGmc *nāþlu, *nādlō-”

[1]