Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sūmijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain^[1]; perhaps from unattested *sūm, from Proto-Germanic *sūmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-mó-s, from *sewH- (“to let go”)^[2] + *-mós, +‎ *-jan. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐάω (eáō, “to let (go), allow, leave alone”).

Verb

*sūmijan

to let go

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*sūmijan
1st sg. past	*sūmidā
Infinitive	*sūmijan
Genitive infin.	*sūmijannjas
Dative infin.	*sūmijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*sūmijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*sūmiju	*sūmidā
2nd singular	*sūmisi	sūmidēs, sūmidōs
3rd singular	*sūmiþi	sūmidē, sūmidā
1st plural	*sūmijum	*sūmidum
2nd plural	*sūmiþ	*sūmidud
3rd plural	*sūmijanþ	*sūmidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*sūmijē	*sūmidī
2nd singular	*sūmijēs	*sūmidī
3rd singular	*sūmijē	*sūmidī
1st plural	*sūmijēm	*sūmidīm
2nd plural	*sūmijēþ	*sūmidīd
3rd plural	*sūmijēn	*sūmidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*sūmi
Plural	*sūmiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*sūmijandī	*sūmid

Derived terms

*frasūmijan
- Old Dutch: *farsūmen
  - Middle Dutch: versûmen
    - Dutch: verzuimen
- Old High German: firsūmen
  - Middle High German: versûmen
    - German: versäumen

Descendants

Old Frisian: *sūma
- ⇒ Old Frisian: ursūma
Old Saxon: *sūmian
- Middle Low German: sûmen
  - German Low German:
    Low Prussian: sîme, sîeme, sîëme
    
    Westphalian:
    Dortmunder: soẹ̆men, saọ̆m
    
    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: suimen
    
    Sauerländisch: soimen
Old Dutch: *sūmen
- Middle Dutch: sûmen
  - Dutch: zuimen, suymen (obsolete)
Old High German: sūmen
- Middle High German: sûmen, soumen
  - German: säumen

References

^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “säumen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 620
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “seu̯ə-, sū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 915

[1] Friedrich Kluge (1989) “säumen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 620

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “seu̯ə-, sū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 915

[1]

[2]