Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skōlu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin schola (“school”).^[1]

Noun

*skōlu f

school

Inflection

ō-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*skōlu
Genitive	*skōlā
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*skōlu	*skōlō
Accusative	*skōlā	*skōlā
Genitive	*skōlā	*skōlō
Dative	*skōlē	skōlōm, skōlum
Instrumental	*skōlu	skōlōm, skōlum

Descendants

Old English: scōl, *ᛋᚳᚩᛚ (*scól)
- Middle English: scole, schole, skole, scol, scool, scoole (Late Middle English), scule, scull, scwyll, skule (Northern)
  - English: school (see there for further descendants)
  - Geordie English: skuil, skeul
  - Scots: schuil, skuil
Old Frisian: skūle
- Saterland Frisian: Skoule
- West Frisian: skoalle
Old Saxon: *skōla
- Middle Low German: schôle
  - Low German: Schole
    - Dutch Low Saxon: skole
    - German Low German: School
  - Plautdietsch: School
  - → Estonian: kool
  - → Finnish: koulu
  - → Old Norse: skóli
    - Icelandic: skóli
    - Faroese: skúli
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: skule, skole; (dialectal) skúli
    - Elfdalian: skaule
    - Danish: skole
      - Norwegian Bokmål: skole
    - Swedish: skola
      - → Finnish: skole
Old Dutch: *skuola
- Middle Dutch: schôle
  - Dutch: school
    - Afrikaans: skool
      - → Northern Ndebele: isikolo
      - → Nǀuu: skoolsi, skualsi
      - → Sotho: sekolo
      - → Southern Ndebele: isikolo
      - → Shona: chikoro (through a Nguni intermediate)
      - → Tsonga: xikolo
      - → Venda: tshikolo
      - → Xhosa: isikolo
      - → Zulu: isikole
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: skul, sulu
    - Negerhollands: skoel, skool
    - Petjo: skola, sekola
    - → Aukan: sikoo
    - →? Caribbean Hindustani: skul
    - → Kwinti: skoro, skoo
    - → Lokono: sulu
    - → Papiamentu: skol, skool
    - → Saramaccan: sikoò
    - → Sranan Tongo: skoro
      - → Dutch: skorro
      - → Wayana: sikoro
    - → Trió: sikora
  - Limburgish: sjoel, sjoeal
  - West Flemish: schole
  - Zealandic: schole
Old High German: scuola, skuola
- Middle High German: schuole, schuol, schūle, schœle
  - Alemannic German: Schuel, Schuäl, Schuël
    Italian Walser: schiöl, schul, schuel, schuol, schööl
    Swabian: Schual
  - Bavarian: schual, schuele, schuile, Schui, Schul (Southern Bavarian)
    Cimbrian: schual
    Mòcheno: schual
  - Central Franconian: Schull, Schol (southernmost Moselle Franconian)
    - Hunsrik: Schul
    - Luxembourgish: Schoul
  - German: Schule
    - → Lower Sorbian: šula
    - → Silesian: szula
    - → Slovene: šola
    - → Swahili: shule
    - → Yiddish: שולע (shule)
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: Schul
  - Yiddish: שול (shul)
    - → English: shul
    - → Spanish: shul
  - → Latvian: skola
  - → Old Polish: szkoła
    - Polish: szkoła, szkała (Przemyśl)
      - → Kashubian: szkòła
      - → Slovincian: szkôla
    - Silesian: szkoła
    - → Old East Slavic: школа (škola)
      - Old Ruthenian: шко́ла (škóla)
        Belarusian: шко́ла (škóla)
        Carpathian Rusyn: шко́ла (škóla)
        Ukrainian: шко́ла (škóla)
      - Russian: шко́ла (škóla)
        → Bezhta: ишкола (iškola)
        → Ingrian: škoulu
        → Kildin Sami: шко̄ла (škōla)
        → Komi-Zyrian: школа (škola)
        → Northern Mansi: искола (iskola)
        → Skolt Sami: škooul
        → Yakut: оскуола (oskuola)

References

^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “school 1”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[1] Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “school 1”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[1]