Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sprekan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sprekaną.

Verb

*sprekan^[1]^[2]

to speak

Inflection

Strong class 5
Infinitive	*sprekan
1st sg. past	*sprak
3rd pl. past	*sprākun
Past ptcple	*sprekan
Infinitive	*sprekan
Genitive infin.	*sprekannjas
Dative infin.	*sprekannjē
Instrum. infin.	*sprekannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*spreku	*sprak
2nd singular	*sprikiʀi	*sprākī
3rd singular	*sprikidi	*sprak
1st plural	*sprekum	*sprākum
2nd plural	*sprikid	*sprākud
3rd plural	*sprekand	*sprākun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*sprekē	*sprākī
2nd singular	*sprekēs	*sprākī
3rd singular	*sprekē	*sprākī
1st plural	*sprekēm	*sprākīm
2nd plural	*sprekēþ	*sprākīd
3rd plural	*sprekēn	*sprākīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*sprik
Plural	*sprikid
	Present	Past
Participle	*sprekandī	*sprekan

Descendants

Old English: sprecan, spreocan, spræcan, specan
- Middle English: speken, speke
  - English: speak
  - Middle Scots: speke, speik
    - Scots: speik, speak, spik, spikk
Old Frisian: spreka, sprekan
- Saterland Frisian: spreke
- West Frisian: sprekke
Old Saxon: sprekan
- Middle Low German: sprēken
  - Low German: spreken
  - Plautdietsch: spräakjen
Old Dutch: sprecan
- Middle Dutch: sprēken
  - Dutch: spreken
  - Limburgish: spraeke
Old High German: sprëhhan, sprëchan
- Middle High German: sprëchen
  - Central Franconian: sjprèche
  - German: sprechen
    - → Czech: šprechtit
    - → Polish: szprechać
    - → Serbo-Croatian: šprȅhati / шпре̏хати
    - → Ukrainian: шпрехати (šprexaty)
  - Hunsrik: spreche
  - Luxembourgish: spriechen

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*sprekan”
^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “sprechen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 690-691: “wg. *sprek-a-”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*sprekan”

[2] Friedrich Kluge (1989) “sprechen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 690-691: “wg. *sprek-a-”

[1]

[2]