Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sprekaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably from a Proto-Indo-European *spregʰ- (“to crackle”), and cognate with Old Norse spraka (“to crackle, patter”), Lithuanian spragė́ti (“to crackle, patter”).[1][2] Alternatively, suggested to be from a Proto-Indo-European *spreg- on the basis of Albanian shpreh (“to express, voice”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈspre.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sprekaną

  1. to speak

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 5)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sprekō *sprekaų — *sprekai ?
2nd singular *sprikizi *sprekaiz *sprek *sprekazai *sprekaizau
3rd singular *sprikidi *sprekai *sprekadau *sprekadai *sprekaidau
1st dual *sprekōz *sprekaiw — — —
2nd dual *sprekadiz *sprekaidiz *sprekadiz — —
1st plural *sprekamaz *sprekaim — *sprekandai *sprekaindau
2nd plural *sprikid *sprekaid *sprikid *sprekandai *sprekaindau
3rd plural *sprekandi *sprekain *sprekandau *sprekandai *sprekaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sprak *sprēkį̄
2nd singular *spraht *sprēkīz
3rd singular *sprak *sprēkī
1st dual *sprēkū *sprēkīw
2nd dual *sprēkudiz *sprēkīdiz
1st plural *sprēkum *sprēkīm
2nd plural *sprēkud *sprēkīd
3rd plural *sprēkun *sprēkīn
present past
participles *sprekandz *sprekanaz

Derived terms

  • *bisprekaną

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sprekan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
  2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*spreg-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 582
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