Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sputtijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sputtijaną. Equivalent to *sputt (“spit”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*sputtijan

to spit

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*sputtijan
1st sg. past	*sputtidā
Infinitive	*sputtijan
Genitive infin.	*sputtijannjas
Dative infin.	*sputtijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*sputtijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*sputtiju	*sputtidā
2nd singular	*sputtisi	sputtidēs, sputtidōs
3rd singular	*sputtiþi	sputtidē, sputtidā
1st plural	*sputtijum	*sputtidum
2nd plural	*sputtiþ	*sputtidud
3rd plural	*sputtijanþ	*sputtidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*sputtijē	*sputtidī
2nd singular	*sputtijēs	*sputtidī
3rd singular	*sputtijē	*sputtidī
1st plural	*sputtijēm	*sputtidīm
2nd plural	*sputtijēþ	*sputtidīd
3rd plural	*sputtijēn	*sputtidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*sputti
Plural	*sputtiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*sputtijandī	*sputtid

Descendants

Old English: spyttan, spittan
- Middle English: spitten
  - English: spit
  - Scots: spit
Old Saxon: *sputtian
- Middle Low German: spütten
  - ⇒ German Low German: spüttern
    - →? Saterland Frisian: sputterje
Old Dutch: *sputten
- Middle Dutch: *sputten
  - Dutch: sputten (dialectal)
  - ⇒ Dutch: sputteren
    - →? West Frisian: spitterje, sputterje
Old High German: *spuzzen
- Middle High German: *spützen
  - German: spützen (dialectal)