Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stōl

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *stōlaz, from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂los (“frame, rack, stand”), from *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Noun

*stōl m

stool, chair
throne

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*stōl
Genitive	*stōlas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*stōl	stōlō, stōlōs
Accusative	*stōl	*stōlā
Genitive	*stōlas	*stōlō
Dative	*stōlē	*stōlum
Instrumental	*stōlu	*stōlum

Descendants

Old English: stōl
- Middle English: stool
  - English: stool
  - Scots: stuil, stul, stule
Old Frisian: stōl
- North Frisian: stuul, stölj, Stuul
- Saterland Frisian: Stoul
- West Frisian: stoel
Old Saxon: stōl
- Middle Low German: stôl
  - German Low German: Stohl (also Münsterländisch), Stauhl (Paderbornisch), Staul (Sauerländisch)
    - → Lower Sorbian: stoł
  - Plautdietsch: Stool
  - → Estonian: tool
  - → Votic: stooli
Old Dutch: stuol
- Middle Dutch: stoel
  - Dutch: stoel
    - Afrikaans: stoel
      - → Nǀuu: stulsi
      - → Southern Ndebele: ísítúlo
        → Shona: chitúru, chitúro
      - → Sotho: setulo
      - → Swazi: sítúlo
      - → Tsonga: xitulu
      - → Xhosa: ísítúlo
      - → Zulu: ísítúlo
    - Jersey Dutch: stûl
    - Negerhollands: stoel, stul, stuel
    - Skepi Creole Dutch: stool
    - → Aukan: sutuu
    - → Fanagalo: stul (possibly via Zulu or from English)
    - → Papiamentu: stul, stoeltsje, stoeltji
    - → Sranan Tongo: sturu
  - Limburgish: stool
Old High German: stuol
- Middle High German: stuol
  - German: Stuhl
  - Hunsrik: Stuhl
  - Luxembourgish: Stull
  - Vilamovian: śtül
  - Yiddish: שטול (shtul)