Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tūnijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *tūn (“a fence”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*tūnijan^[1]

to enclose, put a fence around

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*tūnijan
1st sg. past	*tūnidā
Infinitive	*tūnijan
Genitive infin.	*tūnijannjas
Dative infin.	*tūnijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*tūnijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*tūniju	*tūnidā
2nd singular	*tūnisi	tūnidēs, tūnidōs
3rd singular	*tūniþi	tūnidē, tūnidā
1st plural	*tūnijum	*tūnidum
2nd plural	*tūniþ	*tūnidud
3rd plural	*tūnijanþ	*tūnidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*tūnijē	*tūnidī
2nd singular	*tūnijēs	*tūnidī
3rd singular	*tūnijē	*tūnidī
1st plural	*tūnijēm	*tūnidīm
2nd plural	*tūnijēþ	*tūnidīd
3rd plural	*tūnijēn	*tūnidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*tūni
Plural	*tūniþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*tūnijandī	*tūnid

Derived terms

*bitūnijan

Descendants

Old English: tȳnan
- Middle English: tynen, tine, tuynen, tunen
  - English: tine, teen
  - Yola: tine, theene
Old Frisian: tēna
Old Saxon: *tūnian
- Middle Low German: tûnen, tü̂nen, tunen
Old Dutch: *tūnen
- Middle Dutch: tunen
  - Dutch: tuinen, tunen (dialectal)
Old High German: zūnen
- Middle High German: ziunen, zūnen
  - German: zäunen

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 224: “PWGmc *tūnijan”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 224: “PWGmc *tūnijan”

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