Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/uʀ-

From Proto-Germanic *uz-.

*uʀ-

1. up, out, over

The descendants differ depending on whether the prefix was unstressed (in verbs) or stressed (in other parts of speech):

Stressed:

• Old English: or-
  • Middle English: or-
    • English: or-
• Old Frisian: or-
  • Saterland Frisian: uur-
  • West Frisian: oar-
• Old Saxon: ur-, or-
  • Middle Low German: or-
    • German Low German: oor-
• Old Dutch: ur-, or-
  • Middle Dutch: or-, oor-
    • Dutch: oor-
• Old High German: ur-
  • Middle High German: ur-
    • German: ur-
      • → English: ur-
      • → Dutch: oer-
    • Yiddish: אור־ (ur-)

Unstressed:

• Old English: ar-, ā-, ǣ-
  • Middle English: a-
    • English: a-
• Old Saxon: ā-
  • Middle Low German: er-
    • German Low German: er-
• Old Dutch: ir-, ā-
  • Middle Dutch: er-
    • Dutch: er-
• Old High German: ir-, er-, ā-
  • Middle High German: er-, ir-, re-
    • German: er-
      • → Swedish: er-