Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/ɬawɢa

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *qoˀəɢə, *qɔ̄qa (per Werner 2002)
  • *qoˀʌɢʌ, *qaˀʌɢʌ, *qaɢa (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *ɬaɢa (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
  • *qok ~ *qak (per Cologne group 2023 & 2024. Pattern: q.3-k.1?)

Reconstruction notes

See Fortescue-Vajda (2022) and Vajda (2024) for a detailed rationale behind the onset *ɬ-.

Etymology

Composed of *-ɬaw (“to extend, to protrude”) +‎ *-ɢa (nominalizer suffix), referring to the scintillating rays seen when one looks at a star.

Vajda (2024) suggests a blending or a tabooistic replacement with *qaɢa (“Turk's cap lily, Lilium superbum; a culturally important plant with showy star-like petals and edible bulbs”). Kott alagán might have also meant "small lilies", alongside the meaning "stars" given below, which would support this etymology, alongside the fact that these two Proto-Yeniseian roots completely fall together in Southern Ket, also given below.

Noun

*ɬawɢa (plural *ɬaw-ɢa-ŋ)

  1. (astronomy) star

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: xogh (Eed-Šeš dialect)
    • Imbak Ket: kóago, kaágo, kóogo, ko
      • Ket: ӄог (qɔg), ӄоʼ (qɔˀ) (common variant, Northern and Souhtern Ket dialects), ӄоӷ (qɔ̀ʁ) (Southern Ket dialects)
    • Ostyak Yug: xogen (plural)
      • Yug: хооʼх (χɔːˀχ)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: alák, alagan (plural)
    • Kott: alaga, alak, aláx, alágan (plural), alakan (plural)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: ilxok, ílqoj, il'koj (ilʲkoj)

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “q.3 (Table 28)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[1], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 70 of 39-82
  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “Coda-k.1 (Table 21)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 279 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 273-275
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*qoˀʌɢʌ (1)/*qaˀʌɢʌ”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 705
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) “footnote 18”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[4], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 391
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “²qɔˀ (III)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 122
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “kaágo (W), ko (Ad), koágo (M), kóogo (VW, Kl)”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 46, 47, 48
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