Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/jak

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Proto-Yeniseian numbers (edit)
 ←  5 6 7  → 
    Cardinal: *jak
    Ordinal: *jakwasVŋʷ
    Adverbial: *jakpa
    Collective: *jakɟe

Alternative reconstructions

  • *aˀəgə, *ʔaχV (per Werner 2002)
  • *aˀgʌ (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *Hak (per Cologne group 2024. Pattern: ?-k.2)

Etymology

Back-formation from *jakVŋʷ (“extra, remaining”), referring to the finger-counting. According to Werner (2002), a compound of *aˀ (“six”) +‎ *kə ('Numerativwort').

Kottic words for "6" are formed as compounds of "5 + 1", replacing the native terms, possibly due to homonymy instigated by rapid sound elision.

Numeral

*jak (ordinal *jak-was-Vŋʷ)

  1. (cardinal number) six, 6

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: xajem (Bahta dialect, uncertain.)
    • Imbak Ket: aːjem (Eed-Šeš dialect)
    • Imbak Ket: agam
    • Ostyak Yug: ages
      • Yug: а (ā), аʼ (aˀ)
        • ⇒ Yug: ааʼс (aːˀs), ашье (ašʲe)
  • Arinic:
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: ágiang, ággiaŋ, ággiang, agg'aŋ (aggʲaŋ)

Further reading

  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “'6'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[1], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 245 of 216-293
  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “Coda-k.2 (Table 21)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 279 of 216-293
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “aħgʌ (2)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 15-16
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 440
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “¹aˑ (III)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 93
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “six”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 322
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