Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/tɬewtja

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *kəte (per Werner 2002)
  • *kʌtʌ (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *tɬewd-χek (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
  • *tɬewte (per Vajda 2024)
  • *keT (per Cologne group 2023 & 2024. Pattern: k.2-?)

Etymology

Composed of *tɬewd (“winter migration in a train of snow-sleds, argish”) +‎ *-ja (nominalizer suffix), literally “winter migration-season”.

According to Fortescue-Vajda (2022), a compound of *tɬewd (“argish”) +‎ *χek (“day”), going off of their similar reconstruction for the gloss 'summer': *siɬ-χek.

Outside Fortescue-Vajda (2022) and Vajda (2024), other Yeniseiologist works reconstruct an onset *k-, while forgoing Arin and Pumpokol words for 'winter' given below and instead compare Kott and Ketic words with Arin kute (“autumn”) and Pumpokol kiičidin, kɨčidin (“cold”). In turn, the reconstructions with the onset *k- is also sometimes compared to Proto-Turkic *kïš (“winter”), though no loanword direction is given.

Noun

*tɬewtja (no plural)

  1. (time) winter

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: köte (Eed-Šeš dialect)
    • Imbak Ket: köte
      • Ket: кәт (kə̄t) (Southern dialects), кәте (kə̄tʲe) (Central and Northern dialects)
    • Yug: кәт (kə̄t)
  • Kottic:
  • Arinic:
    • ⇒ Arin: lot (reanalysis)
  • Pumpokolic:

See also

Seasons in Proto-Yeniseian (layout · text) · category
*xiɟe (“spring”) *siɬja (“summer”) *qogʷja (“autumn”) *tɬewtja (“winter”)

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “'winter'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[1], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 56 of 39-82
  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “k.2 (Table 28)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 70 of 39-82
  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) “PY *tɬVwD”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 274
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*kʌtʌ”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 452
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) “*tɬewte”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[4], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 389
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) “*ew: *tɬewte”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[5], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 414
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “¹kəˑt (I)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 475
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “winter”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 334
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