Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/xʷaj

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *xiˀɢ, *xiɢa, *(h)egə (per Werner 2002)
  • *Higʌ, *egʌ (per Vajda-Werner 2022)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *xʷaj (“sun”); Proto-Athabaskan *šʷaˑ (“sun”) and Eyak xʷah (“sun”).

Noun

*xʷaj (no plural)

  1. (astronomy) sun, day
    Synonym: *χek
  2. (shamanism) maternalistic sun goddess

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: i, î, ɨj (“sun, day”)
      • Ket: иʼ (iˀ, “day”)
      • ⇒ Ket: и (ī, “sun”)
    • Ostyak Yug: i (“sun”)
      • Yug: и (ī, “sun”)
    • Yug: иʼ (iˁ, “day”)
  • Proto-Ketic: *iˀ-ŋ-quˀ-s (“wooden cottage”, literally “sun-tents”)
    • ⇒ Ket: иӈӷусь (íŋɢusʲ, “house, wooden cottage”)
    • ⇒ Yug: эхос (ɛ́χɔs, “house”)
  • Kottic:
    • ⇒ Assan: i, ɨ (“day”)
    • ⇒ Assan: öga, ega (“sun”)
    • Kott: îg, îx (“day”)
    • ⇒ Kott: êga, êgä, ega (“sun”)
  • Proto-Kottic: *çaj-xʷaj (literally “night-sun”)
    • ⇒ Kott: šuj (“moon”)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: ji (“day”)
    • ⇒ Arin: éga, éja (“sun”)
  • Proto-Arinic: *xʷaj-ga-ɬaw (literally “sun-extension”)
    • ⇒ Arin: xagalɨ (“sunshine”)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: ha, na (“day”)
      • ⇒ Pumpokol: tuha (“noon”, literally “middle-day”)[1]
    • ⇒ Pumpokol: xeg (“day”)
  • Proto-Pumpokolic: *xʷaj-ɢajm (literally “sun-arrow”)
    • ⇒ Pumpokol: hixem (“sunshine, rays of sunlight”)

References

  1. ^ Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[1], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 60 of 39-82

Further reading

  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) “90.) ~*xʷaj”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 369-370
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*egʌ”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 266
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*Hig, *Higʌ”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 321
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) “*xʷaj-ga/*xʷaj-ga-n (Table 18:23.2)”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 420
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “iˑ (II)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 392
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “sun”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 326
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