affermir
French
Etymology
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Verb
affermir
- to firm up
- to strengthen
- to make firmer
- (reflexive) to become firmer, sharper or stronger
- (reflexive) to firm up
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of affermir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | affermir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | affermissant /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | affermi /a.fɛʁ.mi/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | affermis /a.fɛʁ.mi/ |
affermis /a.fɛʁ.mi/ |
affermit /a.fɛʁ.mi/ |
affermissons /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɔ̃/ |
affermissez /a.fɛʁ.mi.se/ |
affermissent /a.fɛʁ.mis/ |
| imperfect | affermissais /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ |
affermissais /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ |
affermissait /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ |
affermissions /a.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ |
affermissiez /a.fɛʁ.mi.sje/ |
affermissaient /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | affermis /a.fɛʁ.mi/ |
affermis /a.fɛʁ.mi/ |
affermit /a.fɛʁ.mi/ |
affermîmes /a.fɛʁ.mim/ |
affermîtes /a.fɛʁ.mit/ |
affermirent /a.fɛʁ.miʁ/ | |
| future | affermirai /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁe/ |
affermiras /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁa/ |
affermira /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁa/ |
affermirons /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/ |
affermirez /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁe/ |
affermiront /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | affermirais /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ |
affermirais /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ |
affermirait /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ |
affermirions /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
affermiriez /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁje/ |
affermiraient /a.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | affermisse /a.fɛʁ.mis/ |
affermisses /a.fɛʁ.mis/ |
affermisse /a.fɛʁ.mis/ |
affermissions /a.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ |
affermissiez /a.fɛʁ.mi.sje/ |
affermissent /a.fɛʁ.mis/ |
| imperfect2 | affermisse /a.fɛʁ.mis/ |
affermisses /a.fɛʁ.mis/ |
affermît /a.fɛʁ.mi/ |
affermissions /a.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ |
affermissiez /a.fɛʁ.mi.sje/ |
affermissent /a.fɛʁ.mis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | affermis /a.fɛʁ.mi/ |
— | affermissons /a.fɛʁ.mi.sɔ̃/ |
affermissez /a.fɛʁ.mi.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “affermir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.