affleurer
French
Etymology
From Middle French affleurer, from fleur (“surface”, literally “flower”), a sense still found in the phrase à fleur de. By surface analysis, a- + fleur + -er.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a.flœ.ʁe/
Audio: (file) Audio (Canada): (file)
Verb
affleurer
- to place on the same level with, to show on the same surface
- (figuratively) to crop up, to surface, to poke one's head out
Conjugation
Conjugation of affleurer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | affleurer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | affleurant /a.flœ.ʁɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | affleuré /a.flœ.ʁe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | affleure /a.flœʁ/ |
affleures /a.flœʁ/ |
affleure /a.flœʁ/ |
affleurons /a.flœ.ʁɔ̃/ |
affleurez /a.flœ.ʁe/ |
affleurent /a.flœʁ/ |
| imperfect | affleurais /a.flœ.ʁɛ/ |
affleurais /a.flœ.ʁɛ/ |
affleurait /a.flœ.ʁɛ/ |
affleurions /a.flœ.ʁjɔ̃/ |
affleuriez /a.flœ.ʁje/ |
affleuraient /a.flœ.ʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | affleurai /a.flœ.ʁe/ |
affleuras /a.flœ.ʁa/ |
affleura /a.flœ.ʁa/ |
affleurâmes /a.flœ.ʁam/ |
affleurâtes /a.flœ.ʁat/ |
affleurèrent /a.flœ.ʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | affleurerai /a.flœ.ʁə.ʁe/ |
affleureras /a.flœ.ʁə.ʁa/ |
affleurera /a.flœ.ʁə.ʁa/ |
affleurerons /a.flœ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
affleurerez /a.flœ.ʁə.ʁe/ |
affleureront /a.flœ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | affleurerais /a.flœ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
affleurerais /a.flœ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
affleurerait /a.flœ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
affleurerions /a.flœ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
affleureriez /a.flœ.ʁə.ʁje/ |
affleureraient /a.flœ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | affleure /a.flœʁ/ |
affleures /a.flœʁ/ |
affleure /a.flœʁ/ |
affleurions /a.flœ.ʁjɔ̃/ |
affleuriez /a.flœ.ʁje/ |
affleurent /a.flœʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | affleurasse /a.flœ.ʁas/ |
affleurasses /a.flœ.ʁas/ |
affleurât /a.flœ.ʁa/ |
affleurassions /a.flœ.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
affleurassiez /a.flœ.ʁa.sje/ |
affleurassent /a.flœ.ʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | affleure /a.flœʁ/ |
— | affleurons /a.flœ.ʁɔ̃/ |
affleurez /a.flœ.ʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- affleurement
- désaffleurer
Further reading
- “affleurer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.